NBS case studies relevant to the Black Sea

In this section, case studies are selected that illustrate the practical application of various Nature-based Solutions (NBS) while highlighting associated co-benefits. Each case study provides a succinct overview, including the NBS type, geographical location, treatment type, required area, and an estimation of construction and operational costs (if available). In addition, the ecological, technical, and social advantages inherent to each NBS are examined, along with key insights from each project. When applicable, a table is included featuring a technical synopsis encompassing wastewater source, design criteria (inflow rate, area, population equivalent, and population equivalent area), as well as influent and effluent characteristics. These parameters serve as foundational elements for the development of NBS guidelines.